skos:Concept
skos:ConceptScheme
LifeWatch Italy
2015-03-17
en
Alien Species Thesaurus
2017-09-12 16:21:23
2020-11-24T17:21:39.054000+00:00
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No single management approach available to achieve this change, multiple methods required.
Robertson P.A., Mill A., Novoa A., Jeschke J.M., Essl F., Gallardo B., Geist J., Jarić I., Lambin X., Musseau C., Pergl J., 2020. A proposed unified framework to describe the management of biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 22(9): 2633-2645. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02298-2
Multiple methods required
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2020-04-22T08:27:21.348000+00:00
Alien species whose introduction and/or spread do not threaten biological diversity.
Not invasive
2015-03-17 11:58:48
2020-05-07T15:51:58.437000+00:00
AS
Allochthonous species
Exotic species
Foreign species
Introduced species
Non-indigenous species
Non-native species
A species, subspecies or lower taxon, introduced outside its natural past or present distribution; includes any part, gametes, seeds, eggs, or propagules of such species that might survive and subsequently reproduce.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) Secretariat. 2002. Decision VI/23: Alien species that threaten ecosystems, habitats and species. Document UNEP/CBD/COP/6/23. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Canada.
Alien species
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-23T16:33:31.532000+00:00
Intentional introduction of live alien organisms for the purpose of human use in the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Release in nature
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2020-04-23T16:24:29.586000+00:00
The evaluation of the likelihood of entry, establishment or spread of an alien species in a given territory, and of the associated potential biological and economic consequences (risk assessment), taking into account possible response actions that could prevent spread or impacts (risk management).
EEA. 2010. Towards an early warning and information system for invasive alien species (IAS) threatening biodiversity in Europe. EEA Technical report No 5/2010: 52 pp. DOI 10.2800/4167
Risk analysis
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T14:51:03.900000+00:00
Unintentional movement of live organisms as contaminants on seeds.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Seed contaminant
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T14:05:38.931000+00:00
The physical means of transport-stowaway by the ballast water that is pumped into tanks to stabilise ships and boats.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Ballast water
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-23T16:47:50.919000+00:00
The physical means of transport-stowaway by the hull fouling of ships and boats.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Hull fouling
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-16T14:42:55.365000+00:00
true
Activity (e.g. border controls and quarantine measures) aimed at identifying alien species new to a country as a pivotal element of prevention.
EEA. 2010. Towards an early warning and information system for invasive alien species (IAS) threatening biodiversity in Europe. EEA Technical report No 5/2010: 52 pp. DOI 10.2800/4167
Surveillance
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T14:55:12.153000+00:00
Unintentional movement of live organisms as contaminants on timber.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Timber trade
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-05-04T07:02:11.461000+00:00
Unintentional movement of live organisms as contaminants of a commodity that is intentionally transferred through international trade, development assistance, or emergency relief.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Transport - Contaminant
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2020-04-10T09:50:45.232000+00:00
Stowaway
The moving of alien species attached to transporting vessels and associated equipment and media.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Transport - Stowaway
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-23T07:47:35.160000+00:00
Unintentional movement of live organisms as contaminants with the transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation, wood, etc).
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Transportation of habitat material
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Any living or non-living carrier that transports living organisms intentionally or unintentionally.
ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea). 2005. ICES Code of Practice on the Introduction and Transfer of Marine Organisms: 30 pp.
Vector
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T14:13:34.534000+00:00
The physical means of transport-stowaway by cars, trains or other vehicles.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Vehicles
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-22T08:05:24.599000+00:00
Alien species that may flourish and even reproduce occasionally in an area, but which do not form self-replacing populations, and which rely on repeated introductions for their persistence.
Casual
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Species that is not demonstrably native or introduced.
Cryptogenic
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Naturalised
Naturalised exotic
Alien species that is reproducing in the wild and has established a durable population outside its native range.
Established
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Not-established
Unestablished
Alien species lacking self-maintaining populations outside its natural range, either because it was unable so far to settle, or it is too newly arrived.
Not established
2020-04-21T07:42:56.927000+00:00
2020-05-04T07:14:48.181000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Ecosystem-habitat outcome
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-23T16:31:44.171000+00:00
Uncertain
New entries not verified by experts or species with unresolved taxonomic status.
European Commission - Joint Research Centre - European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN) https://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Questionable
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T09:56:07.461000+00:00
The physical means of transport-stowaway by angling or fishing equipment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Angling/fishing equipment
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2020-05-04T06:59:50.306000+00:00
The deliberate movement and/or release by humans of an alien species outside its natural range.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Intentional introduction
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-11-24T17:01:10.092000+00:00
true
Measure to reduce the density and abundance of an alien species in order to keep its impact below an acceptable threshold. Effective control may be achieved through a range of integrated management techniques, including mechanical, chemical and biological control.
EEA. 2010. Towards an early warning and information system for invasive alien species (IAS) threatening biodiversity in Europe. EEA Technical report No 5/2010: 52 pp. DOI 10.2800/4167
Control
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Action aimed at preventing or mitigating impacts of biological invasions.
Response action
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Intentional introduction of biological control agents to regulate pest populations usually within agricultural crops and products.
ISSG (Invasive Species Specialist Group). 2000. IUCN Guidelines for the Prevention of Biodiversity Loss Caused by Alien Invasive Species. Special Issue, 11: 24 pp.
Biological Control
2020-04-21T07:43:42.548000+00:00
2020-05-04T07:19:20.985000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Species-population outcome
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-23T16:03:44.695000+00:00
Category into which different types of alien species impact mechanisms are classified.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Impact mechanism
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-21T15:40:48.037000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Competition
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-21T15:42:15.374000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Predation
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-21T15:41:12.520000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Hybridisation
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-22T06:57:52.235000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Transmission of diseases to native species
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-21T15:42:09.480000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Parasitism
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-22T06:56:19.152000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Toxicity
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-21T15:40:13.614000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Bio-fouling
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-22T06:54:40.871000+00:00
Browsing
Grazing
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Herbivory
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-21T16:53:46.759000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Rooting
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-21T16:00:15.030000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Trampling
2020-04-22T08:04:10.344000+00:00
2020-04-22T08:54:20.409000+00:00
Alien species that have been recorded as present in the wild.
Present in the wild
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-23T07:43:57.627000+00:00
The physical means of transport-stowaway by the container and bulk (including seafreight, airfreight, train, etc).
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Container/bulk
2015-03-19 20:52:52
2020-04-21T15:59:08.955000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Flammability
2015-03-20 14:16:27
2020-05-04T06:49:14.228000+00:00
A measurable change to the properties of the native biota, the ecosystems, the human societies and economies caused by an alien species.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Impact
2015-03-20 14:19:07
2020-04-21T07:45:38.746000+00:00
Environmental or socio-economic outcomes due to the presence of invasive alien species.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Impact outcome
2015-03-20 14:25:06
2020-04-24T06:41:15.676000+00:00
Outcome of impact mechanisms on human societies and economies.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Socio-economic impact outcome
2015-03-20 14:25:06
2020-05-04T07:07:57.343000+00:00
Outcome of impact mechanisms on the environment.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Environmental impact outcome
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:12:18.753000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Modification of hydrology/water regulation or purification and quality/soil moisture
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:13:47.146000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Primary productivity alteration
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:12:42.995000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Modification of nutrient pool and fluxes
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:12:32.742000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Modification of natural benthic communities
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:10:19.158000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Modification of food web
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T14:35:32.352000+00:00
Unintentional movement of live organisms as contaminants of nursery material for horticulture.
ISSG (Invasive Species Specialist Group). 2000. IUCN Guidelines for the Prevention of Biodiversity Loss Caused by Alien Invasive Species. Special Issue, 11: 24 pp.
Contaminant nursery
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-23T16:09:31.714000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Reduction in native biodiversity
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:25:38.682000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Unspecified ecosystem modification
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:08:48.212000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Habitat degradation
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:09:44.253000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Habitat or refugia replacement/loss
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:13:21.827000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Physical disturbance
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:09:51.738000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Modification of fire regime
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:13:04.736000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Modification of successional patterns
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:22:16.957000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Erosion
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:22:00.481000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Bioaccumulation
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:23:05.222000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Modification of structure
2015-03-20 14:52:18
2020-04-22T07:22:44.621000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Modification of pH, salinity or organic disturbance
2015-03-20 18:48:15
2020-05-04T07:15:47.187000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Soil or sediment modification
2015-03-20 18:53:31
2020-04-22T07:30:13.451000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Population size decline
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:31:47.034000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Species range change
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:33:03.706000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Reduces/inhibits the growth of other species
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-05-04T07:18:38.729000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Alteration of genetic resources
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:28:57.069000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Indirect mortality
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:29:31.855000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Plant/animal health
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:29:15.852000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Interference with reproduction
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:35:48.149000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Damage to agriculture
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:37:11.256000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Damage to forestry
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:36:52.257000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Damage to aquaculture/mariculture/fishery
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:42:01.463000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Reduce/damage livestock and products
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:38:24.538000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Human health
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:39:37.015000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Human nuisance
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:41:01.291000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Modification of landscape
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:37:17.300000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Damage to infrasctructures
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:37:41.980000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Damage to ornamentals
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:40:28.722000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Modification of cultural, educational, aesthetic, religious and ornamental values
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:34:19.852000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mruga?a, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Alteration of recreational use and tourism
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T14:42:29.018000+00:00
Unintentional movement of live organisms as contaminants of fishing baits.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Contaminated bait
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:39:51.712000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Impact on trade/international relations
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:40:08.170000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Limited access to water, land and other
2015-03-20 19:00:31
2020-04-22T07:41:31.294000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Other economic impact
2015-03-20 19:20:14
2020-04-21T15:07:09.070000+00:00
MA
A species is considered to have massive impacts when it leads to the replacement and local extinction of native species, and produces irreversible changes in the structure of communities and the abiotic or biotic composition of ecosystems.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Massive
2015-03-20 19:20:14
2020-04-21T15:05:46.604000+00:00
MR
A species is considered to have major impacts when it causes the local or population extinction of at least one native species, and leads to reversible changes in the structure of communities and the abiotic or biotic composition of ecosystems.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Major
2015-03-20 19:20:14
2020-04-24T06:34:33.046000+00:00
MO
A species is considered to have moderate impacts when it causes declines in the population densities of native species, but no changes to the structure of communities or to the abiotic or biotic composition of ecosystems.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Moderate
2015-03-20 19:20:14
2020-04-21T15:10:04.598000+00:00
MI
A species is considered to have minor impacts when it causes reductions in the fitness of individuals in the native biota, but no declines in native population densities.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Minor
2015-03-20 19:20:14
2020-04-23T16:16:36.164000+00:00
ML
A species is considered to have minimal impacts when it is unlikely to have caused deleterious impacts on the native biota or abiotic environment.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Minimal
2015-03-20 19:20:14
2020-04-21T15:30:16.864000+00:00
DD
A species is categorised as data deficient when there is inadequate information to classify the species with respect to its impact, or insufficient time has elapsed since introduction for impacts to have become apparent.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Data deficient
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T09:17:57.827000+00:00
Movement of alien species into a new region following the construction of transport infrastructures.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Corridor
2015-03-26 21:57:42
2020-05-04T07:06:47.915000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Chemical, physical, or structural impact on ecosystem
2015-03-26 22:09:34
2020-04-22T06:57:29.099000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Interaction with other alien species
2015-06-09 16:35:37
2020-05-04T06:58:12.809000+00:00
Pathway of introduction of alien species.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Movement of commodity
2015-06-09 16:51:13
2020-04-23T16:36:43.478000+00:00
Natural dispersal across borders of invasive alien species that have been introduced through pathways of release in nature, escape from confinement, transport of contaminant, transport of stowaway and corridor.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Unaided
2015-06-12 13:43:41
2020-04-14T14:35:20.012000+00:00
Intentional introduction of alien, pathogenic or parasitic organisms for sport fishing and angling.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Fishery in the wild
2015-06-12 13:43:41
2020-04-09T14:33:56.220000+00:00
Living trees and shrubs planted for the purpose of enhancing the wildlife habitat of the land, including, but no limited to, organized or planned arrangements of living plants as well as naturally occurring or wild growth of living plants.
Landscape improvement
2015-06-12 13:43:41
2020-04-09T07:24:45.456000+00:00
Intentional introduction of threatened organisms for conservation purposes.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Conservation purposes
2015-06-12 13:43:41
2020-04-09T07:59:51.699000+00:00
Intentional introduction of alien species by e.g., fur, transport and medical use.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Release in nature for use
2015-06-12 13:43:41
2020-04-09T07:57:07.735000+00:00
Pathway of introduction of alien species by other type of intentional release.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Other intentional release
2015-06-12 14:46:38
2020-04-10T15:03:01.572000+00:00
Movement of (potentially) invasive alien species from agriculture into the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Agriculture
2020-11-24T17:19:03.511000+00:00
2020-11-26T14:30:34.623000+00:00
Action aimed at reducing the distribution or abundance of a population within the area of interest.
[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string] Robertson, P.A., Mill, A., Novoa, A., Jeschke, J.M., Essl, F., Gallardo, B., Geist, J., Jarić, I., Lambin, X., Musseau, C. and Pergl, J., 2020. A proposed unified framework to describe the management of biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 22(9), pp.2633-2645.
Suppression
2015-06-12 19:02:52
2020-04-10T15:13:22.162000+00:00
Movement of (potentially) invasive alien species from botanical gardens, zoo and aquaria (excluding domestic aquaria) into the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Botanical garden/zoo/aquaria
2015-06-12 19:08:36
2020-04-10T15:34:15.234000+00:00
Movement of pet, aquarium and terrarium species (including live food for such species ) into the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Pet
2015-06-12 19:08:36
2020-04-10T15:18:43.206000+00:00
Movement of (potentially) invasive alien species from farms into the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Farmed animals
2015-06-12 19:08:36
2020-04-10T15:19:13.297000+00:00
Movement of (potentially) invasive alien species from forestry into the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Forestry
2015-06-12 19:24:07
2020-04-10T15:25:55.681000+00:00
Movement of (potentially) invasive alien species from ornamental plants (other than horticulture) into the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Ornamental purpose
2015-06-22 16:02:56
2020-04-10T15:36:50.784000+00:00
Movement of (potentially) invasive alien species from research facilities into the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Research facilities
2015-06-22 16:02:56
2020-04-10T15:22:38.025000+00:00
Movement of (potentially) invasive alien species from live food and live bait into the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Live food and live bait
2015-06-22 16:02:56
2020-04-10T15:28:27.992000+00:00
Movement of (potentially) invasive alien species from other type of confinement.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Other escape from confinement
2015-06-22 16:41:56
2020-04-10T14:44:56.297000+00:00
Unintentional movement of live organisms as contaminants of food.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Food contaminant
2015-06-22 16:41:56
2020-04-10T14:38:28.853000+00:00
Unintentional movement of live organisms as contaminants of animals, excluding parasites and species transported by host and vector.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Contaminant on animals
2020-04-21T16:53:57.359000+00:00
2020-04-23T16:06:24.854000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Digging
2020-11-24T17:25:40.085000+00:00
2020-11-26T15:12:51.259000+00:00
No management undertaken to reduce the distribution or abundance of the population in the area of interest.
Robertson P.A., Mill A., Novoa A., Jeschke J.M., Essl F., Gallardo B., Geist J., Jarić I., Lambin X., Musseau C., Pergl J., 2020. A proposed unified framework to describe the management of biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 22(9): 2633-2645. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02298-2
No management
2015-06-22 16:41:56
2020-04-10T14:39:41.344000+00:00
Unintentional movement of live organisms as contaminants of plants, excluding parasites and species transported by host and vector.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Contaminant on plants
2015-06-22 17:12:15
2020-04-10T10:01:35.630000+00:00
Hitchhikers in or on plane
The physical means of transport-stowaway by hitchhikers in or on airplane.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Hitchhikers in or on airplane
2015-06-22 17:12:15
2020-04-10T13:59:33.545000+00:00
The physical means of transport-stowaway by hitchhikers on ship and boat (excluding ballast water and hull fouling).
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Hitchhikers on ship/boat.
2015-06-22 17:12:15
2020-04-23T16:49:05.827000+00:00
People and luggage
The physical means of transport-stowaway by people (in particular tourists) and their luggage or equipment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
People and their luggage/equipment
2015-06-22 17:12:15
2020-04-10T13:42:33.622000+00:00
Packaging materials
The physical means of transport-stowaway by organic packing material, in particular wood packaging.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Organic packing material
2015-06-24 17:34:27
2020-04-10T09:43:11.780000+00:00
Movement of alien species through transbiogeographical corridors including tunnels and land bridges linking mountain valleys or oceanic islands.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Tunnels and land bridges
2019-10-17 11:54:54
2020-04-21T14:52:03.911000+00:00
The impact category to which a species is assigned and corresponding to the highest level of deleterious environmental impact identified from any of the impact mechanisms.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Impact class
2020-04-16T15:02:34.642000+00:00
2020-04-24T06:59:10.528000+00:00
Quick and reliable identification of the species and its status in the concerned area (i.e. alien to the area concerned but native in other areas, cryptogenic, or unknown) to allow early warning and rapid response actions.
EEA. 2010. Towards an early warning and information system for invasive alien species (IAS) threatening biodiversity in Europe. EEA Technical report No 5/2010: 52 pp. DOI 10.2800/4167
Diagnosis
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-14T14:36:51.340000+00:00
Intentional introduction of live alien organisms for coastal reclamation projects and dune stabilization (windbreaks, hedges…).
ISSG (Invasive Species Specialist Group). 2000. IUCN Guidelines for the Prevention of Biodiversity Loss Caused by Alien Invasive Species. Special Issue, 11: 24 pp.
Erosion control
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T14:56:38.025000+00:00
Movement of (potentially) invasive alien species from confinement into the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Escape from confinement
2020-04-22T08:01:12.596000+00:00
2020-05-04T06:56:47.372000+00:00
Status
The occurrence or status of an alien species is a prompt start of the entire process for an early warning and rapid response.
Occurrence
2020-04-17T15:56:57.484000+00:00
2020-04-21T15:22:33.770000+00:00
A measurable change to the properties of an ecosystem, both largely natural or largely managed by humans, by an alien species with effects that have impacts only on the native biota or the ecosystem processes that derive from that environment.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Environmental impact
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T15:20:35.762000+00:00
Movement of (potentially) invasive alien species from fur farms into the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Fur farms
2020-04-22T08:00:42.054000+00:00
2020-04-23T16:15:57.025000+00:00
A species whose 'invasiveness' has not been specified in its introduced range. The species is known to be present and has been reported but there is no comment on its invasiveness.
Invasiveness not specified
2020-04-22T08:01:44.987000+00:00
2020-04-22T08:46:21.943000+00:00
Alien species that were reported at some time to be present but were not recorded subsequently.
Absent
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T15:21:48.274000+00:00
Movement of (potentially) invasive alien species from horticulture into the natural environment.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Horticulture
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-14T14:37:33.329000+00:00
Intentional introduction of alien, pathogenic or parasitic organisms for hunting.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Hunting
2020-11-24T17:13:50.672000+00:00
2020-11-26T15:18:03.300000+00:00
Action aimed at limiting the keeping or cultivation of the species within the area of interest.
Robertson P.A., Mill A., Novoa A., Jeschke J.M., Essl F., Gallardo B., Geist J., Jarić I., Lambin X., Musseau C., Pergl J., 2020. A proposed unified framework to describe the management of biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 22(9): 2633-2645. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02298-2
Limits to keeping
2020-04-22T07:21:24.314000+00:00
2020-04-22T07:21:52.086000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Accretion
2015-03-17 12:13:12
2020-04-10T09:00:59.632000+00:00
Expansion of the geographical distribution of an alien species within an area.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) Secretariat. 2000. Invasive Alien Species - Global strategy on invasive alien species. Document UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/6/INF/9. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Canada. 52 pp.
Spread
2020-04-09T16:15:10.064000+00:00
2020-05-04T07:01:23.490000+00:00
All introductions which are not intentional.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Unintentional introduction
2020-04-21T07:38:22.205000+00:00
2020-04-21T15:15:00.086000+00:00
NE
A species is not evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Not evaluated
2020-04-15T10:02:58.776000+00:00
2020-11-26T15:16:07.273000+00:00
Action aimed at removing the entire population from the area of interest with no immediate risk of re-invasion.
Robertson P.A., Mill A., Novoa A., Jeschke J.M., Essl F., Gallardo B., Geist J., Jarić I., Lambin X., Musseau C., Pergl J., 2020. A proposed unified framework to describe the management of biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 22(9): 2633-2645. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02298-2
Eradication
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-23T16:35:49.064000+00:00
Movement of alien species through transbiogeographical corridors including international canals (connecting river catchments and seas).
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Interconnected waterways/basins/seas
2020-11-24T15:48:14.919000+00:00
2020-11-26T15:05:51.144000+00:00
Action aimed at limiting the spread of a reproducing population within the area of interest.
Robertson P.A., Mill A., Novoa A., Jeschke J.M., Essl F., Gallardo B., Geist J., Jarić I., Lambin X., Musseau C., Pergl J., 2020. A proposed unified framework to describe the management of biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 22(9): 2633-2645. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02298-2
Containment
2015-03-17 12:13:42
2020-04-22T07:59:31.365000+00:00
IAS
Pest
Alien species whose introduction and/or spread threaten biological diversity.
Invasive
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T10:07:33.648000+00:00
The physical means of transport-stowaway by commercial and agricultural machinery used at a number of sites across a landmass or between Countries.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Machinery/equipment
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-16T14:53:21.573000+00:00
Activity aimed at acquiring a better understanding of the ecology, distribution, patterns of spread and response to management of an invasive alien species and identify or assess the best response action if required.
EEA. 2010. Towards an early warning and information system for invasive alien species (IAS) threatening biodiversity in Europe. EEA Technical report No 5/2010: 52 pp. DOI 10.2800/4167
Monitoring
2020-04-21T07:19:59.741000+00:00
2020-05-04T07:44:00.393000+00:00
The type of deleterious impact caused by an alien species.
Impact type
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T13:55:02.683000+00:00
Any physical means of transport-stowaway other than transporting vessels and associated equipment and media.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Other means of transport
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T14:47:59.505000+00:00
Unintentional movement of live organisms as parasites on animals, including species transported by host and vector.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Parasites on animals
2020-04-22T07:28:06.992000+00:00
2020-04-22T07:28:25.096000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Selective loss of genotypes
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-10T14:49:07.691000+00:00
Unintentional movement of live organisms as parasites on plants, including species transported by host and vector.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Parasites on plants
2015-03-17 13:09:17
2020-04-23T16:32:24.949000+00:00
Any human mediated means that enables the entry or spread of an alien species within a region or beyond. This includes physical vectors, as well as general activities causing the introduction of alien species.
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
Pathway
2020-04-22T08:02:57.598000+00:00
2020-04-22T08:47:53.233000+00:00
Alien species that have been subject to an eradication event and have been confirmed as eradicated.
Eradicated
2020-04-22T08:02:25.770000+00:00
2020-04-22T08:58:02.520000+00:00
Alien species that have reported or recorded in error.
Recorded in error
2020-11-24T17:10:53.493000+00:00
2020-11-26T15:08:39.601000+00:00
Action aimed at intercepting the species on first entry into the area of interest.
Robertson P.A., Mill A., Novoa A., Jeschke J.M., Essl F., Gallardo B., Geist J., Jarić I., Lambin X., Musseau C., Pergl J., 2020. A proposed unified framework to describe the management of biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 22(9): 2633-2645. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02298-2
Interception
2020-04-16T15:25:21.525000+00:00
2020-04-16T15:29:00.314000+00:00
Action aimed at circulating the results of the risk analysis to the competent national and local authorities.
EEA. 2010. Towards an early warning and information system for invasive alien species (IAS) threatening biodiversity in Europe. EEA Technical report No 5/2010: 52 pp. DOI 10.2800/4167
Reporting
2020-04-22T07:27:51.270000+00:00
2020-04-22T07:28:42.340000+00:00
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Changes in gene pool
2020-04-22T08:03:33.461000+00:00
2020-04-24T07:06:45.519000+00:00
Species that have been intercepted at borders as a result of detection procedures.
Intercepted
2020-04-22T07:50:46.132000+00:00
2020-11-20T08:37:56.611000+00:00
The species status in the invasion process.
Robertson, P.A., Mill, A., Novoa, A., Jeschke, J.M., Essl, F., Gallardo, B., Geist, J., Jarić, I., Lambin, X., Musseau, C. and Pergl, J., 2020. A proposed unified framework to describe the management of biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 22(9): 2633-2645. DOI 10.1007/s10530-020-02298-2
Invasiveness
2020-04-15T10:11:58.460000+00:00
2020-11-24T16:45:20.482000+00:00
true
Option selected when control, containment and eradication measures are considered infeasible because of technical or financial reasons, or because the actions are not considered socially or politically acceptable.
EEA. 2010. Towards an early warning and information system for invasive alien species (IAS) threatening biodiversity in Europe. EEA Technical report No 5/2010: 52 pp. DOI 10.2800/4167
No action
2020-04-21T07:23:05.879000+00:00
2020-04-21T15:28:17.367000+00:00
A measurable change due to an alien species which have impacts on human societies and economies.
Blackburn T.M., F. Essl, T. Evans, P.E. Hulme, J.M. Jeschke, I. Kühn, S. Kumschick, Z. Markova, A. Mrugała, W. Nentwig, J. Pergl, P. Pyšek, W. Rabitsch, A. Ricciardi, D.M. Richardson, A. Sendek, M. Vila, J.R.U. Wilson, M. Winter, P. Genovesi, S. Bacher. 2014. A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts. PLOS Biology, 12:5, e1001850.
Socio-economic impact
2020-04-16T14:19:43.492000+00:00
2020-11-26T13:42:19.464000+00:00
Activity to be implemented to respond adequately to the threat of alien species.
Management measure
2020-04-22T08:00:52.217000+00:00
2020-04-22T08:38:03.494000+00:00
Alien species whose invasiveness is uncertain.
Invasiveness uncertain
2020-11-24T17:16:35.876000+00:00
2020-11-26T14:25:36.520000+00:00
Action aimed at removing the reproductive population from the area of interest, but with remaining risk of re-invasion or further reproduction if not managed.
Robertson P.A., Mill A., Novoa A., Jeschke J.M., Essl F., Gallardo B., Geist J., Jarić I., Lambin X., Musseau C., Pergl J., 2020. A proposed unified framework to describe the management of biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 22(9): 2633-2645. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02298-2
Complete reproductive removal
2020-11-24T17:03:43.589000+00:00
2020-11-26T15:19:28.077000+00:00
Action aimed at reducing the uptake of the species and its transport outside the area of interest.
Robertson P.A., Mill A., Novoa A., Jeschke J.M., Essl F., Gallardo B., Geist J., Jarić I., Lambin X., Musseau C., Pergl J., 2020. A proposed unified framework to describe the management of biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 22(9): 2633-2645. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02298-2
Pre-border pathway management
2020-04-22T08:06:02.873000+00:00
2020-04-22T08:55:13.632000+00:00
Alien species that have been recorded as present only in containment facilities.
Present only in containment facilities
2020-11-26T14:46:50.294000+00:00
2020-11-26T15:20:59.913000+00:00
Action aimed at ensuring the security of species held in captivity/cultivation within the area of interest.
Robertson P.A., Mill A., Novoa A., Jeschke J.M., Essl F., Gallardo B., Geist J., Jarić I., Lambin X., Musseau C., Pergl J., 2020. A proposed unified framework to describe the management of biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 22(9): 2633-2645. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02298-2
Secure keeping
2020-05-07T15:51:32.307000+00:00
2020-04-16T15:20:14.994000+00:00
2020-04-22T16:31:55.650000+00:00
2020-04-22T16:31:59.185000+00:00
2020-04-17T15:09:27.320000+00:00
2020-04-09T15:44:31.190000+00:00
The deliberate movement and/or release by humans of an alien species outside its natural range
2020-04-23T16:38:11.303000+00:00
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2014. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. Note by the Executive Secretary. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice. Eighteenth meeting. Montreal, 23-28 June 2014. 18 pp.
2020-04-22T16:59:10.934000+00:00
2020-04-22T16:59:14.301000+00:00
2015-04-21 08:49:33
2020-04-07T15:47:19.708000+00:00
true
The time boundary (to consider a species as Alien) is generally set from the date of the opening of the Suez Canal (1869): species established earlier are treated as cryptogenic (e.g. Teredo navalis).
Zenetos A., S. Gofas, M. Verlaque, M.E. Çinar, J.E. Garcia Raso, C.N. Bianchi, C. Morri, E. Azzurro, M. Bilecenoglu, C. Froglia, I. Siokou, D. Violanti, A. Sfriso, G. San Martin, A. Giangrande, T. Katağan, E. Ballesteros, A. Ramos-Esplà, F. Mastrototaro, O. Ocaña, A. Zingone, M.C. Gambi, N. Streftaris. 2010. Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine. Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Mediterranean Marine Science, 11(2): 381-493.
Brackish waters
2020-04-22T07:16:47.765000+00:00
2020-04-22T16:59:07.072000+00:00
2020-04-22T16:59:45.462000+00:00
2020-04-22T16:31:47.736000+00:00
2020-04-15T09:08:22.864000+00:00
2020-11-24T15:33:53.131000+00:00
Measure to be implemented to respond adequately to the threat of alien species, once a new incursion is detected and associated risks are preliminarily screened.
EEA. 2010. Towards an early warning and information system for invasive alien species (IAS) threatening biodiversity in Europe. EEA Technical report No 5/2010: 52 pp. DOI 10.2800/4167
Response action
2020-11-24T16:51:59.025000+00:00