ESMO 2024
type: Ontology
contributor: Flavio Affinito
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

has realization
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
domain: realizable entity
range: process
definition: b has realization c =Def c realizes b
example: As for realizes

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) b realizes c means: b is a process & c is a realizable entity that inheres in d & for all t, if b has participant d at t then c exists at t & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
example: A disposition to go bald is realized in a balding process; a role of student is realized in studying processes; the pumping function of a heart is realized in processes of pumping.

participates in at some time
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant at some time
range: process
definition: b participates in p at some time =Def for some time t (p has participant b at t)

has participant at some time
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
definition: p has participant c at some time =Def for some time t (p is a process, c is a continuant, and c participates in p some way at t)

preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: precedes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
example: The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match.

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) If o, o' are occurrents and t is the temporal extent of o and t' is the temporal extent of o' then o precedes o' means: either last instant of o is before first instant of o' or last instant of o = first instant of o' and neither o nor o' are temporal instants
example: The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death. NOTE 1: Each temporal region is its own temporal extent. The temporal extent of a spatiotemporal region is the temporal region it temporally projects onto. The temporal extent of a process or process boundary that occupies temporal region t is t. NOTE 2: Precedes defines a strict partial order on occurrents.

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: environs
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
definition: b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary and c is a material entity or immaterial entity & there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
example: A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism, a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank.

located in at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: located in at some time
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
definition: b located in c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (b and c are independent continuants and not spatial regions, and the spatial region which b occupies at t is a (proper or improper) continuant part of the spatial region which c occupies at t)

exists at
type: ObjectProperty
definition: (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
example: First World War exists at 1914-1916, Mexico exists at January 1, 2000.

has continuant part at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part at some time
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b has continuant part c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (b and c are continuants & b is a part of c at t)

has proper continuant part at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part at all times
sub property of: has proper continuant part at some time
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b has proper continuant part c at all times =Def c proper continuant part of b at all times

has material basis at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has material basis at some time
range: material entity
definition: b has material basis c at all times =Def For all times t, b exists at t implies (b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer of b & c continuant part of d at t & d has disposition b because c continuant part of d at t)

has member part at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part at some time
inverse of: member part of at some time
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: b has member part c at some time =Def for some time t (c member part of b at t)

has occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) b has occurrent part c means: c is a part of b & b and c are occurrents
example: Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday.

has proper occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: proper occurrent part of
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has proper occurrent part c =Def b has occurrent part c & b and c are not identical
example: As for has occurrent part.

has temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: temporal part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
example: Your life has temporal part the first year of your life.

location of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: located in at some time
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
definition: b location of c at some time =Def for some time t (c located in b at t)

member part of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: continuant part of at some time
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: b member part of c at some time =Def for some time t (b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, ..., xn (for some n ≠ 1) with b = xi (for some 1 <= i <= n))

occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) b occurrent part of c =Def c has occurrent part b
example: Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match.

proper temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporal part of
inverse of: has proper temporal part
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b proper temporal part of c =Def b temporal part of c & not (b = c)
example: As for temporal part of.

proper continuant part of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: proper continuant part of at some time
sub property of: continuant part of at all times
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b proper continuant part of c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (b continuant part of c at t & not (c proper continuant part of b at t))

proper occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b proper occurrent part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & b and c are not identical
example: As for occurrent part of.

temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & either b and c are temporal regions or b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto or b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies
example: Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game.

temporally projects onto
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: spatiotemporal region
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
example: The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle.

participates in at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in at some time
range: process
definition: b participates in p at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (p has participant b at t)

has participant at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant at some time
domain: process
definition: p has participant c at all times =Def for all times t, p exists at t implies (p is a process, c is a continuant, and c participates in p some way at t)

location of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: location of at some time
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
definition: b location of c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (c located in b at t)

located in at some time
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
definition: b located in c at some time =Def for some time t (b and c are independent continuants and not spatial regions, and the spatial region which b occupies at t is a (proper or improper) continuant part of the spatial region which c occupies at t)

has member part at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part at all times
sub property of: has member part at some time
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: b has member part c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (c member part b at t)

member part of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: member part of at some time
sub property of: continuant part of at all times
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: b member part of c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (b is an object & c is an object aggregate & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1,..., xn (for some n ≠ 1) with b = xi (for some 1 <= i <= n))

has proper continuant part at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part at some time
inverse of: proper continuant part of at some time
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b has proper continuant part c at some time =Def c proper continuant part of b at some time

proper continuant part of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: continuant part of at some time
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b proper continuant part of c at some time =Def for some time t (b continuant part of c at t & not (c continuant part of b at t)

continuant part of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has continuant part at some time
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b continuant part of c at some time =Def for some time t (b exists at t and c exists at t and b continuant part of c at t & t is a temporal region & b and c are continuants)
example: Milk teeth continuant part of human at some time; surgically removed tumour continuant part of organism at some time.

continuant part of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: continuant part of at some time
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b continuant part of c at all times =Def for all times t, (b exists at t, implies b continuant part of c at t & t is a temporal region & b and c are continuants)
example: Centre of mass of a material entity continuant part of material entity at all times; continuant fiat external boundary of an object continuant part of object at all times.

has continuant part at some time
type: ObjectProperty
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b has continuant part c at some time =Def for some time t (b and c are continuants & b is a part of c at t)

has proper temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has temporal part
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has proper temporal part c =Def c proper temporal part of b
example: As for has temporal part.

environs
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
definition: b environs c =Def c occurs in b
example: Mouth environs process of mastication, city environs traffic.

specifically depended on by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: specifically depends on
domain: Class
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
range: specifically dependent continuant
alternative label: s-depended on by
definition: b s-depended on by c =Def c specifically depends on b
example: Coloured object s-depended on by colour.

specifically depends on
type: ObjectProperty
domain: specifically dependent continuant
range: Class
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
alternative label: s-depends on
definition: (Elucidation) b specifically depends on c means: b and c do not share common parts & b is of a nature such that at all times t it cannot exist at t unless c exists at t & b is not a boundary of c
example: A shape s-depends on the shaped object, hue, saturation and brightness of a colour sample s-depend on each other.
scope note: The analogue of s-dependence for occurrents is has participant.

bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: specifically depended on by
inverse of: inheres in
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: specifically dependent continuant
definition: b bearer of c =Def c inheres in b
example: A patch of ink is the bearer of a colour quality; an organism is the bearer of a temperature quality.

inheres in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: specifically depends on
domain: specifically dependent continuant
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
definition: b inheres in c =Def b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends on c
example: A shape inheres in a shaped object; a mass inheres in a material entity.

occupies temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: temporal region
definition: p occupies temporal region t =Def the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
example: The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945.

occupies spatiotemporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) p occupies spatiotemporal region s is a relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
example: A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory.

occupies spatial region at some time
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: spatial region
definition: an independent continuant c that is not a spatial region occupies spatial region r at some time =Def for some time t (every continuant part of c occupies some continuant part of r at t and no continuant part of c occupies any spatial region that is not a continuant part of r at t)

occupies spatial region at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occupies spatial region at some time
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: spatial region
definition: an independent continuant c that is not a spatial region occupies spatial region r at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (every continuant part of c occupies some continuant part of r at t and no continuant part of c occupies any spatial region that is not a continuant part of r at t)

spatially projects onto at some time
type: ObjectProperty
domain: spatiotemporal region
range: spatial region
definition: b spatially projects onto c at some time =Def for some time t (b is a spatiotemporal region and c is a spatial region and c is the spatial extent of b at t)

spatially projects onto at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: spatially projects onto at some time
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: spatiotemporal region
range: spatial region
definition: b spatially projects onto c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (b is a spatiotemporal region and c is a spatial region and c is the spatial extent of b at t)

has material basis at some time
type: ObjectProperty
range: material entity
definition: b has material basis c at some time =Def For some time t (b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer of b & c continuant part of d at t & d has disposition b because c continuant part of d at t)

benefits from
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Actor
  union of: Actor aggregate
range: Class
  union of: Instrumental value
  union of: Relational value
definition: A relationship that holds between an actor or an actor aggregate and the value of a commodity or human activity from which they derive some benefit
example: fisher benefits from income

causal relation between entities
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: entity
range: entity
definition: The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch

causal relation between processes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: process
range: process
definition: p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q.

causally influences
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between entities
domain: entity
range: entity
definition: The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size).

causally related to
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: entity
  union of: process
range: Class
  union of: entity
  union of: process
definition: relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause.
example: car crash causally related to drunk driving

causally upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream or within
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q.

causally upstream of with negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
definition: p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q.

causally upstream or within
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between processes
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q.

has output
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: output of
type: AsymmetricProperty
domain: process
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: object aggregate
  union of: object
comment: Definition from IAO_0000115 taken in ro-eco.owl
definition: p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
example: photosynthesis has outpu oxygen

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: material entity
range: quality
definition: b has quality c =Def c quality of b
example: tree has quality height, phone has quality price

measure of
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: continuant
  union of: occurrent
range: Essential ecosystem service variable class
definition: b measure_of c: b is a BFO entity (usually a process or material entity) that has a data property that can serve as a measure of c some EESV class.
example: The number/mass of wildcaught fish is a measure of the EESV class Use. The abundance of whales in an area is a measure of the EESV class ecological supply.

output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: object aggregate
  union of: object
range: process
definition: p output of c iff p is a participant in c, p is present at the end of c, and p is not present in the same state at the beginning of c.
example: carbon dioxide output of respiration

entity
type: Class
definition: (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
example: Julius Caesar, the Second World War, your body mass index, Verdi's Requiem.

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of at some time
  all values from: continuant
disjoint with: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
example: A human being, a tennis ball, a cave, a region of space, someone's temperature.

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
definition: (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
example: As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of at some time
  all values from: independent continuant
definition: b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant which is such that there is no c such that b s-depends on c and no c such that b g-depends on c
example: An atom, a molecule, an organism, a heart, a chair, the bottom right portion of a human torso, a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra.

spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of at some time
  all values from: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
example: As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region.

temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
example: As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region.

two-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: Class
    union of: two-dimensional spatial region
    union of: zero-dimensional spatial region
    union of: one-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces and/or spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space, an infinitely thin plane in space.

spatiotemporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
example: The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour, the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite.
scope note: 'Spacetime' here refers to the maximal instance of the universal spatiotemporal region.

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: process
definition: (Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant at t
example: An act of selling, the life of an organism, a process of sleeping, a process of cell-division, a beating of the heart, a process of meiosis, the taxiing of an aircraft, the programming of a computer.

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: quality
definition: (Elucidation) b is a realizable entity means: b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
example: The role of being a doctor, the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet, the function of your reproductive organs, the disposition of your blood to coagulate, the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.

zero-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: zero-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space
example: The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole.

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
definition: (Elucidation) a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
example: The colour of a tomato, the ambient temperature of this portion of air, the length of the circumference of your waist, the shape of your nose, the shape of your nostril, the mass of this piece of gold.

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b s-depends on c
example: (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato, the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre, the smell of this portion of mozzarella, the disposition of this fish to decay, the role of being a doctor, the function of this heart: to pump blood, the shape of this hole; (with multiple bearers:) John's love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
scope note: On the multiple bearers case, see relational quality.

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
alternative label: externally-grounded realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
example: The priest role, the student role, the role of subject in a clinical trial, the role of a stone in marking a property boundary, the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories, the role of a building in serving as a military target.

fiat object part
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) a fiat object part b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b is a proper continuant part of c at t and b is demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
example: The upper and lower lobes of the left lung, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body, the Western hemisphere of the Earth, the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body.

one-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: Class
    union of: zero-dimensional spatial region
    union of: one-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines and/or points as parts
example: An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space, a line connecting two points, two parallel lines extended in space.

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) an object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
example: The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments, the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint, the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere, a collection of cells in a blood biobank. NOTE 1: 'Exactly' means that there are no parts of the object aggregate other than its member parts. NOTE 2: The unit can, at certain times, consist of exactly one object, for example, when a wolf litter loses all but one of its pups, but it must at some time have a plurality of member parts.

three-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes and/or spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: A cube-shaped region of space, a sphere-shaped region of space, the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time.

site
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of at some time
  all values from: Class
    union of: site
    union of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatial region at some time
  all values from: three-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (1) (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or (2) have locations determined in relation to some material entity
example: A hole in a portion of cheese, a rabbit hole, the Grand Canyon, the Piazza San Marco, the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch, your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity), the lumen of your gut, the hold of a ship, the interior of the trunk of your car, hole in an engineered floor joist; An air traffic control region of type A is determined in terms of elevation above mean sea level of lower and upper boundaries.

object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) an object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
example: An organism, a fish tank, a planet, a laptop, a valve, a block of marble, an ice cube.
scope note: A description of three primary sorts of causal unity is provided in Basic Formal Ontology 2.0. Specification and User’s Guide

process boundary
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
definition: p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
example: The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life.

one-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: Class
    union of: one-dimensional temporal region
    union of: zero-dimensional temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: one-dimensional temporal region
disjoint with: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
example: The temporal region during which a process occurs.

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of at some time
  all values from: material entity
disjoint with: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant that at all times at which it exists has some portion of matter as continuant part
example: A human being, the undetached arm of a human being, an aggregate of human beings.

immaterial entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
definition: a is an immaterial entity =Def a is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part at t
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site.

zero-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
example: A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident.

temporal interval
type: Class
subclass of: one-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) a temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
example: The year 2018.
scope note: A one-dimensional temporal region can include as parts not only temporal intervals but also temporal instants separated from other parts by gaps.

temporal instant
type: Class
subclass of: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) a temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
example: The millennium.

Abiotic component
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem component
definition: The non-living components that form part of an ecosystem.
example: A river, a lake, soil

Actor
type: Class
subclass of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at all times
  some values from: Human activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proper continuant part of at some time
  some values from: Actor aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: benefits from
  some values from: Relational value
definition: An individual entity within a social-ecological system that performs actions or makes decisions impacting the system's dynamics and outcomes.

Actor aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has proper continuant part at some time
  some values from: Actor
definition: Is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of actors as member parts which together form a unit.
example: A local community, a group of fishers

Anthropogenic asset
type: Class
subclass of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at all times
  some values from: Human activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proper continuant part of at some time
  some values from: Anthropogenic asset aggregate
definition: Any human-made or human-influenced object that contributes to human well-being and economic activity.
example: A fishing boat, fertiliser, infrastructure

Anthropogenic asset aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Human activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has proper continuant part at some time
  some values from: Anthropogenic asset
definition: Is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of anthropogenic assets as member parts which together form a unit.
example: A fishing fleet, all the paths in a provincial park

Biological control
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has proper occurrent part
  some values from: Predation
definition: The control of pests such as insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases by other organisms.

Biomass production
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has proper occurrent part
  some values from: Predation
definition: A process involving the generation of organic material through biological growth.

Biotic component
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem component
definition: The living components that form part of an ecosystem.
example: A maple tree, a horse

Carbon fixation
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proper occurrent part of
  some values from: Net primary production
definition: A biochemical process in which inorganic carbon, typically in the form of carbon dioxide, is converted into organic compounds by living organisms, primarily through photosynthesis.

Clean freshwater
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem good
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Swimming
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Water purification
definition: Water from natural sources, such as rivers, lakes, or aquifers, that is free from harmful contaminants and pollutants, making it safe for consumption, agricultural use, and supporting aquatic ecosystems. It is characterized by low levels of pathogens, chemicals, and physical impurities, ensuring it meets health and environmental standards.

Commercial fisher
type: Class
subclass of: Economic actor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Commercial fishing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: benefits from
  some values from: Monetary instrumental value
definition: A type of economic actor who participates in the commercial fishing activity.

Commercial fishing
type: Class
subclass of: Economic activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Wild fish provisioning service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at all times
  some values from: Commercial fisher
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at all times
  some values from: Fish population
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at all times
  some values from: Fishing fleet
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: causally upstream of
  some values from: Exploitation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: Wildcaught fish
definition: An economic activity that involves the harvesting of wild fish for the purpose of generating economic gain through the sale of catch on the market.
example: Commercial cod fishing, commercial salmon fishing

Commodity
type: Class
subclass of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proper continuant part of at some time
  some values from: Commodity aggregate
definition: Marketable product produced as a result of human economic activity.
example: A smoked salmon

Commodity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has proper continuant part at some time
  some values from: Commodity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Instrumental value
definition: Is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of commodities as member parts which together form a unit.
example: The wheat of France

Concept
type: Class
subclass of: entity
definition: A concept is an entity that is conceived in the human mind to represent an abstract of generic idea generalised from particular instances.
example: A thought, a notion, courage

Cultural ecosystem service
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifically depends on
  some values from: Ecosystem good
definition: These are the services that contribute to the benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experiences.
example: Recreation services, aesthetic appreciation

Cultural value
type: Class
subclass of: Relational value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV instrumental value
definition: Those types of relational values that are associated with a local culture and context.

Decomposition
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem process
definition: Breakdown of complex organic substances into simpler molecules or ions by physical, chemical and/or biological processes.

Direct driver
type: Class
subclass of: Driver of change
definition: A driver of change that directly and unequivocally influences an ecosystem and its processes.
example: Exploitation

Driver of change
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: causally influences
  some values from: Ecosystem component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: causally influences
  some values from: Ecosystem good
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: causally upstream of with negative effect
  some values from: Ecosystem process
definition: Any natural or human induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an ecosystem.
example: Global warming, flooding, pollution

EESV anthropogenic contribution
type: Class
subclass of: Essential ecosystem service variable class
definition: The efforts that humans invest to enhance ecological supply and to make use of ecosystem services.
example: Infrastructure to access national parks, a fishing fleet, machinery

EESV demand
type: Class
subclass of: Essential ecosystem service variable class
definition: The explicitly or implicitly expressed human desire or need for an ecosystem service, in terms of its quantity or quality, irrespective of whether awareness exists about such need.
example: Population in dependent on a watershed, per capita consumption of a good

EESV ecological supply
type: Class
subclass of: Essential ecosystem service variable class
definition: The ecosystem structure and functions that underlie the potential capacity of ecosystems to provide ecosystem services.
example: Fish biomass, pollinator abundance, freshwater supply

EESV instrumental value
type: Class
subclass of: Essential ecosystem service variable class
definition: The importance of an ecosystem service to societies or individuals as a means to achieve a specific end.
example: Income, food, enjoyment

EESV relational value
type: Class
subclass of: Essential ecosystem service variable class
definition: The importance ascribed to how ecosystems contribute to desirable and meaningful interactions between humans and nature and between humans in relation to nature.
example: Cultural practices of stewardship, care, spirituality

EESV use
type: Class
subclass of: Essential ecosystem service variable class
definition: The active or passive appropriation of an ecosystem service by people highlights the actual appropriation of benefits from nature.
example: Harvested crops, recreational experience

Economic activity
type: Class
subclass of: Human activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at all times
  some values from: Economic actor
definition: A human activity involving the production, distribution, exchange or consumption of commodities and services with the goal of meeting human needs and generating monetary instrumental value in the economy.
example: Commercial farming, scuba diving

Economic actor
type: Class
subclass of: Actor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at all times
  some values from: Economic activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: benefits from
  some values from: Monetary instrumental value
definition: An actor who participates in economic activity and who's behaviour and decisions are dependent on economic concerns, ie are tied to monetary considerations.
example: A consumer, a merchant

Ecosystem
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: environs
  some values from: Ecosystem process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifically depended on by
  some values from: Ecosystem service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatial region at all times
  some values from: Ecosystem extent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Ecosystem condition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Intrinsic value
definition: A dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit. Specifically, ecosystems are made up of living components (biotic complexes and assemblages of species), the abiotic environment, the processes and interactions within and between the biotic and abiotic components, and the physical space in which these operate

Ecosystem component
type: Class
subclass of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Ecosystem process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proper continuant part of at all times
  some values from: Ecosystem
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Intrinsic value
definition: The components that are part of an ecosystem.
example: A tree, a fish, a river

Ecosystem condition
type: Class
subclass of: quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifically depends on
  some values from: Ecosystem
definition: A measure of the state or health of an ecosystem, characterized by its structure, function, composition, and the ability to sustain biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. It reflects the level of ecological integrity, resilience to disturbances, and the extent to which the ecosystem supports its natural processes and life forms.
example: A healthy ecosystem, a degraded ecosystem

Ecosystem extent
type: Class
subclass of: two-dimensional spatial region
definition: The size of an ecosystem, which are contiguous spaces of a specific ecosystem type characterized by a distinct set of biotic and abiotic components and their interactions.

Ecosystem function
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Ecosystem service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: Ecosystem good
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Ecosystem process
definition: They are the subset of ecosystem processes which contribute to human wellbeing through the production of ecosystem goods. Ecosystem functions refer to the broad, overarching roles that ecosystems perform, which support the stability and health of the environment. Functions are often described in terms of their benefits to human societies and the natural world.
example: Pollination, primary production

Ecosystem good
type: Class
subclass of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Human activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proper continuant part of at all times
  some values from: Ecosystem good aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Ecosystem process
definition: The output of an ecosystem function before it is used in human activity. Components of nature, directly enjoyed, consumed, or used to yield human well-being. The ecosystem good (i.e., ecological end-product) is a biophysical quality and needs minimal translation for relevance to human well-being.
example: Freshwater, harvestable tree, fish

Ecosystem good aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Human activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has proper continuant part at some time
  some values from: Ecosystem good
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Ecosystem process
definition: Is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of ecosystem goods as member parts which together form a unit.
example: A population of salmon, a group trees

Ecosystem process
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at some time
  some values from: Ecosystem component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: Ecosystem
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: Ecosystem function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: Ecosystem good aggregate
definition: The flow of energy and materials through the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem. Ecosystem processes are the specific mechanisms or actions through which ecosystem functions are achieved. These are the dynamic interactions and transformations that occur within ecosystems, leading to the maintenance and sustainability of ecosystem functions.
example: Photosynthesis, predation

Ecosystem service
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: Ecosystem function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: Human activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifically depends on
  some values from: Ecosystem
comment: In ESMO ecosystem services are roles that ecosystems can bear by virtue of their composition and the processes and functions that arise in them. This role is realised by both the ecosystem function underpinning the service and the human activity that depends on the ecosystem good.
definition: A service that is provided by an ecosystem as an intrinsic property of its functionality (e.g. pollination, nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation, fruit and seed dispersal) contributing to the benefits (and occasionally disbenefits) that people obtain from ecosystems.

Enjoyment value
type: Class
subclass of: Non monetary instrumental value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV instrumental value
definition: A non-monetary instrumental value where the achieved end is some form of enjoyment.
example: The value of a river in recreational enjoyment

Epipelagic ocean
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: environs
  some values from: Fish biomass production
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: environs
  some values from: Whale habitat provisioning
comment: For additional detailed information refer to Keith, D.A., Ferrer-Paris, J.R., Nicholson, E. and Kingsford, R.T. (eds.) (2020). The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0: Descriptive profiles for biomes and ecosystem functional groups. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
definition: The epipelagic or euphotic zone of the open ocean is the uppermost layer that is penetrated by enough light to support photosynthesis.
example: North Atlantic ocean waters

Essential ecosystem service variable class
type: Class
subclass of: Concept
comment: For more see Balvanera, P., Brauman, K.A., Cord, A.F., Drakou, E.G., Geijzendorffer, I.R., Karp, D.S., Martín-López, B., Mwampamba, T.H. and Schröter, M., 2022. Essential ecosystem
definition: EESV classes represent shared and grouped key attributes for all ecosystem services to be monitored across space and time.

Exploitation
type: Class
subclass of: Direct driver
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: causally upstream of with negative effect
  some values from: Fish biomass production
definition: The consumptive use of any natural resources.
example: Overfishing, over hunting

Fauna component
type: Class
subclass of: Biotic component
definition: Those biotic components that are part of the kingdom Animalia
example: A dolphin, a chimpanzee, a parrot

Fish biomass production
type: Class
subclass of: Biomass production
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Wild fish provisioning service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: Epipelagic ocean
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: Fish population
definition: The generation of fish biomass through predation and other ecological processes.

Fish population
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem good aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Commercial fishing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV ecological supply
definition: Is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of fish as member parts which together form a unit.
example: Salmon population

Fishing fleet
type: Class
subclass of: Vessel fleet
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Commercial fishing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV anthropogenic contribution
example: Is a vessel aggregate where all vessel types are fishing vessels, ie whose primary purpose is to catch fish.

Flora component
type: Class
subclass of: Biotic component
definition: Those biotic components that are part of the kingdom Plantae
example: A fern, an apple tree

Food value
type: Class
subclass of: Non monetary instrumental value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV instrumental value
definition: A non-monetary instrumental value where the achieved end is a food source.
example: The value of cereal in contributing to food security, the value of fish as a food source

Habitat provisioning
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has proper occurrent part
  some values from: Predation
definition: The provision of living space for resident and migratory species.

Household
type: Class
subclass of: Actor aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: benefits from
  some values from: Food value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV demand
definition: A group of individuals residing together and engaging in collective economic activities and decision-making, such as consumption, production, and resource management

Human activity
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Ecosystem service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at some time
  some values from: Anthropogenic asset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at some time
  some values from: Anthropogenic asset aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at some time
  some values from: Ecosystem good
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at all times
  some values from: Actor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: causally upstream of
  some values from: Driver of change
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Class
    union of: Instrumental value
    union of: Relational value
definition: Any intentional action or series of actions performed by humans that influence or alter the state of social, economic, or ecological systems, often involving the use of resources, the production of commodities, or the provision of services.

Indirect driver
type: Class
subclass of: Driver of change
definition: A driver of change that operates diffusely by altering one or more direct drivers.
example: Climate change

Infrastructure
type: Class
subclass of: Anthropogenic asset
definition: A type of anthropogenic asset comprising the physical and organizational systems designed and constructed by humans to support societal functions, economic activities, and the provision of services.
example: A road, a sea wall, a bridge

Instrumental value
type: Class
subclass of: Value
comment: For more, see Pascual, U., Balvanera, P., Díaz, S., Pataki, G., Roth, E., Stenseke, M., Watson, R.T., Dessane, E.B., Islar, M., Kelemen, E. and Maris, V., 2017. Valuing nature’s contributions to people: the IPBES approach. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 26, pp.7-16.
definition: The value attributed to something as a means to achieving a particular end

Intrinsic value
type: Class
subclass of: Value
comment: For more, see Pascual, U., Balvanera, P., Díaz, S., Pataki, G., Roth, E., Stenseke, M., Watson, R.T., Dessane, E.B., Islar, M., Kelemen, E. and Maris, V., 2017. Valuing nature’s contributions to people: the IPBES approach. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 26, pp.7-16.
definition: The inherent value, that is the value something has independent of any human experience or evaluation. Such a value is viewed as an inherent property of the entity and not ascribed or generated by external valuing agents
example: Existence value

Monetary instrumental value
type: Class
subclass of: Instrumental value
definition: An instrumental value where the end achieved is monetary gain.
example: The value in USD

Net primary production
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has proper occurrent part
  some values from: Carbon fixation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has proper occurrent part
  some values from: Photosynthesis
definition: The total mass of carbon taken out of the atmosphere by plant photosynthesis (Gross Primary Production) minus return to the atmosphere of carbon due to autotrophic respiration.

Non economic activity
type: Class
subclass of: Human activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at all times
  some values from: Non economic actor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Non monetary instrumental value
definition: A human activity that serves social, cultural, recreational or environmental purposes and does not involve the production, distribution, or consumption of commodities and services for economic gain.
example: Subsistence farming, hiking

Non economic actor
type: Class
subclass of: Actor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: benefits from
  some values from: Non monetary instrumental value
definition: An actor who participates in non-economic activity and who's behaviour and decisions are independent from economic concerns, ie are not tied to monetary considerations.

Non monetary instrumental value
type: Class
subclass of: Instrumental value
definition: An instrumental value where the end achieved is not monetary gain.

Nutrient cycling
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem function
definition: The processes by which elements are extracted from their mineral, aquatic, or atmospheric sources or recycled from their organic forms, converting them to the ionic form in which biotic uptake occurs and ultimately returning them to the atmosphere, water, or soil.

Permanent lowland rivers
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: environs
  some values from: Water purification
comment: For additional detailed information refer to Keith, D.A., Ferrer-Paris, J.R., Nicholson, E. and Kingsford, R.T. (eds.) (2020). The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0: Descriptive profiles for biomes and ecosystem functional groups. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
definition: Small-medium lowland rivers are productive depositional ecosystems with trophic webs that are less diverse than large lowland rivers.
example: Rio Carrao in Venezuela

Photosynthesis
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proper occurrent part of
  some values from: Net primary production
definition: The metabolic pathways for CO2 fixation by plants.

Pollution
type: Class
subclass of: Direct driver
definition: The introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.
example: Heavy metal contamination, air pollution

Predation
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proper occurrent part of
  some values from: Biological control
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proper occurrent part of
  some values from: Biomass production
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proper occurrent part of
  some values from: Habitat provisioning
definition: A biological process in which one organism, the predator, hunts, captures, and consumes another organism, the prey, as a means of obtaining energy and nutrients.

Provisioning ecosystem service
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifically depends on
  some values from: Ecosystem good
definition: These are the services that contribute to the products obtained from ecosystems.
example: Food provisioning services, timber provisioning services, freshwater provisioning services

Regulating ecosystem service
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem service
definition: These are the services that contribute to the benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes.
example: Pollination services, flood prevention services

Relational value
type: Class
subclass of: Value
comment: For more, see Pascual, U., Balvanera, P., Díaz, S., Pataki, G., Roth, E., Stenseke, M., Watson, R.T., Dessane, E.B., Islar, M., Kelemen, E. and Maris, V., 2017. Valuing nature’s contributions to people: the IPBES approach. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 26, pp.7-16.
definition: Values that do not directly emanate from nature but are derivative of our relationships with it and our responsibilities towards it.
example: Spiritual value, cultural value

Reproduction
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem process
definition: A biological process by which organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of their species to pass on genetic material to the next generation.
example: Sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction

River access infrastructure
type: Class
subclass of: Infrastructure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Swimming
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV anthropogenic contribution
definition: A type of infrastrucure specifically designed to support human activities requiring river access.
example: A potoon, a boat launch, a road to the river

Swimmer
type: Class
subclass of: Non economic actor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at all times
  some values from: Swimming
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: benefits from
  some values from: Enjoyment value
definition: A type of non-economic actor who participates in the swimming activity.

Swimming
type: Class
subclass of: Non economic activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Water quality regulation service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at some time
  some values from: River access infrastructure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at all times
  some values from: Clean freshwater
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at all times
  some values from: Swimmer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Enjoyment value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV use
definition: A non-economic activity that involves the act of swimming for the purpose of recreation without revenue generation

Tour operator
type: Class
subclass of: Economic actor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Whale watching
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: benefits from
  some values from: Monetary instrumental value
definition: A type of economic actor who participates in a touristic activity as a provider.
example: A whale watching tour operator.

Value
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A principle associated with a given worldview or cultural context, a preference someone has, the importance of something for itself or for others, or simply as a means to an end.

Vessel fleet
type: Class
subclass of: Anthropogenic asset aggregate
definition: Is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of vessels as member parts which together form a unit.
example: A fishing fleet

Vessel strike
type: Class
subclass of: Direct driver
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: causally influences
  some values from: Whale population
definition: A vessel strike is a collision between any type of boat and a marine animal in the ocean.

Warming
type: Class
subclass of: Indirect driver
definition: The continuous increase in temperature relative to a historical baseline.

Water purification
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Water quality regulation service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: Permanent lowland rivers
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: Clean freshwater
definition: The removal of sediments and nutrients and other impurities from water.

Water quality regulation service
type: Class
subclass of: Regulating ecosystem service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: Swimming
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: Water purification
definition: The role of an ecosystem in regulating pollutants and excess nutrients to maintain the chemical condition of water to mitigate harmful effects on human health.

Whale habitat provisioning
type: Class
subclass of: Habitat provisioning
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Wildlife viewing service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: Epipelagic ocean
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: Whale population
definition: The provision of living space for whale species

Whale population
type: Class
subclass of: Ecosystem good aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Whale watching
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV ecological supply
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Whale habitat provisioning
definition: Is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of whales as member parts which together form a unit.
example: Orca population

Whale watcher
type: Class
subclass of: Economic actor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at all times
  some values from: Whale watching
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: benefits from
  some values from: Enjoyment value
definition: A type of economic actor who participates in the whale watching activity as a client.

Whale watching
type: Class
subclass of: Economic activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Wildlife viewing service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at some time
  some values from: Tour operator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at all times
  some values from: Whale population
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant at all times
  some values from: Whalewatching fleet
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Enjoyment value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Monetary instrumental value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV use
definition: An economic activity that involves the observation of whales.

Whalewatching fleet
type: Class
subclass of: Vessel fleet
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in at some time
  some values from: Whale watching
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV anthropogenic contribution
example: Is a vessel aggregate where all vessel types are whale watching vessels, ie whose primary purpose is to take people to observe whales.

Wholesale value
type: Class
subclass of: Monetary instrumental value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV instrumental value
definition: The monetary value of a product paid by retailers before being marked up and sold to consumers.

Wild fish provisioning service
type: Class
subclass of: Provisioning ecosystem service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: Commercial fishing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: Fish biomass production
definition: The role of an ecosystem in contributing to the growth of fish and other aquatic biomass that are captured in uncultivated production contexts for various uses, primarily food production.

Wildcaught fish
type: Class
subclass of: Commodity aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Food value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Wholesale value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure of
  some values from: EESV use
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Commercial fishing
definition: Is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of wild caught fish as member parts which together form a unit.
example: Landed tuna, landed sardines

Wildlife viewing service
type: Class
subclass of: Cultural ecosystem service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: Whale habitat provisioning
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: Whale watching
definition: The role of an ecosystem in enabling people to enjoy wildlife through direct, in-situ, observations.

Chin00
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 51907.9043
has year: 2000

Chin01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 66245.72922
has year: 2001

Chin02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 57899.99048
has year: 2002

Chin03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 78181.28889
has year: 2003

Chin04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 57974.43614
has year: 2004

Chin05
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 52715.09282
has year: 2005

Chin06
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 69591.42064
has year: 2006

Chin07
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 47915.13832
has year: 2007

Chin08
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 46286.44842
has year: 2008

Chin09
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 49749.82983
has year: 2009

Chin10
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 52486.05582
has year: 2010

Chin11
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 43185.58947
has year: 2011

Chin12
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 31571.89075
has year: 2012

Chin13
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 45522.46667
has year: 2013

Chin14
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 46031.24747
has year: 2014

Chin15
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 69967.76381
has year: 2015

Chin16
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 49724.60707
has year: 2016

Chin17
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 31383.07576
has year: 2017

Chin18
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 19946.05556
has year: 2018

Chin19
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 686.0
has year: 2019

Chin20
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 1922.0
has year: 2020

Chin21
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 0.0
has year: 2021

Chin97
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: nan
has year: 1997

Chin98
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: nan
has year: 1998

Chin99
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fish population
has abundance: 54575.67143
has year: 1999

ChinC00
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale00
has count: 72581.0
has year: 2000

ChinC01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale01
has count: 102048.0
has year: 2001

ChinC02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale02
has count: 261938.0
has year: 2002

ChinC03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale03
has count: 326606.0
has year: 2003

ChinC04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale04
has count: 376769.0
has year: 2004

ChinC05
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale05
has count: 330606.0001
has year: 2005

ChinC06
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale06
has count: 274170.0
has year: 2006

ChinC07
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale07
has count: 193289.0
has year: 2007

ChinC08
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale08
has count: 152176.0
has year: 2008

ChinC09
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale09
has count: 138064.0
has year: 2009

ChinC10
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale10
has count: 174981.0
has year: 2010

ChinC11
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale11
has count: 227292.0
has year: 2011

ChinC12
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale12
has count: 154506.0
has year: 2012

ChinC13
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale13
has count: 119619.0
has year: 2013

ChinC14
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale14
has count: 310649.0
has year: 2014

ChinC15
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale15
has count: 177568.0
has year: 2015

ChinC16
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale16
has count: 207932.0
has year: 2016

ChinC17
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale17
has count: 179413.0
has year: 2017

ChinC18
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale18
has count: 116051.0
has year: 2018

ChinC19
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale19
has count: 117593.0
has year: 2019

ChinC20
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale20
has count: 88414.0
has year: 2020

ChinC21
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: WholeSale21
has count: 92385.0
has year: 2021

ChinC97
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: Wholesale97
has count: nan
has year: 1997

ChinC98
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: Wholesale98
has count: nan
has year: 1998

ChinC99
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wildcaught fish
has quality: Wholesale99
has count: 116815.0
has year: 1999

Orca00
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 164
has year: 2000

Orca01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 156
has year: 2001

Orca02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 158
has year: 2002

Orca03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 164
has year: 2003

Orca04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 166
has year: 2004

Orca05
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 176
has year: 2005

Orca06
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 178
has year: 2006

Orca07
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 172
has year: 2007

Orca08
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 170
has year: 2008

Orca09
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 170
has year: 2009

Orca10
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 172
has year: 2010

Orca11
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 174
has year: 2011

Orca12
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 168
has year: 2012

Orca13
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 165
has year: 2013

Orca14
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 156
has year: 2014

Orca15
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 162
has year: 2015

Orca16
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 166
has year: 2016

Orca17
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 154
has year: 2017

Orca18
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 150
has year: 2018

Orca19
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 146
has year: 2019

Orca20
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 144
has year: 2020

Orca21
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 148
has year: 2021

Orca98
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 178
has year: 1998

Orca99
type: NamedIndividual
type: Whale population
has abundance: 170
has year: 1999

SalmonFleet00
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: nan
has year: 2000

SalmonFleet01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: nan
has year: 2001

SalmonFleet02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: nan
has year: 2002

SalmonFleet03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: nan
has year: 2003

SalmonFleet04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: nan
has year: 2004

SalmonFleet05
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 4593.0
has year: 2005

SalmonFleet06
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 6280.0
has year: 2006

SalmonFleet07
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 4911.0
has year: 2007

SalmonFleet08
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 3926.0
has year: 2008

SalmonFleet09
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 3705.0
has year: 2009

SalmonFleet10
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 3959.0
has year: 2010

SalmonFleet11
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 4559.0
has year: 2011

SalmonFleet12
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 4359.0
has year: 2012

SalmonFleet13
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 3312.0
has year: 2013

SalmonFleet14
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 4681.0
has year: 2014

SalmonFleet15
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 3959.0
has year: 2015

SalmonFleet16
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 4698.0
has year: 2016

SalmonFleet17
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 3266.0
has year: 2017

SalmonFleet18
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 3881.0
has year: 2018

SalmonFleet19
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 1545.0
has year: 2019

SalmonFleet20
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 2239.0
has year: 2020

SalmonFleet21
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: 921.0
has year: 2021

SalmonFleet97
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: nan
has year: 1997

SalmonFleet98
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: nan
has year: 1998

SalmonFleet99
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fishing fleet
has count: nan
has year: 1999

Water00
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.014
has year: 2000

Water01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.013
has year: 2001

Water02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.018
has year: 2002

Water04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.004
has year: 2004

Water05
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.006333333
has year: 2005

Water06
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.006
has year: 2006

Water07
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.009
has year: 2007

Water08
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.016
has year: 2008

Water10
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.00675
has year: 2010

Water11
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.009125
has year: 2011

Water12
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.0164875
has year: 2012

Water13
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.0127
has year: 2013

Water14
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.01095
has year: 2014

Water15
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.005475
has year: 2015

Water16
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.0072
has year: 2016

Water17
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.012785714
has year: 2017

Water18
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.014014286
has year: 2018

Water19
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.006666667
has year: 2019

Water20
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.0194
has year: 2020

Water87
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.010333333
has year: 1987

Water88
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.013
has year: 1988

Water89
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.01175
has year: 1989

Water90
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.016333333
has year: 1990

Water91
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.009166667
has year: 1991

Water92
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.0085
has year: 1992

Water93
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.013
has year: 1993

Water94
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.008
has year: 1994

Water95
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.007
has year: 1995

Water96
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.024
has year: 1997

Water97
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.016
has year: 1998

Water98
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clean freshwater
has concentration: 0.016
has year: 1999

WholeSale00
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 5.3
has year: 2000

WholeSale01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 5.1
has year: 2001

WholeSale02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 11.8
has year: 2002

WholeSale03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 17.3
has year: 2003

WholeSale04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 26.9
has year: 2004

WholeSale05
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 24.9
has year: 2005

WholeSale06
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 29.2
has year: 2006

WholeSale07
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 23.8
has year: 2007

WholeSale08
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 18.4
has year: 2008

WholeSale09
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 16.1
has year: 2009

WholeSale10
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 18.5
has year: 2010

WholeSale11
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 21.4
has year: 2011

WholeSale12
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 18.99999998
has year: 2012

WholeSale13
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 12.3
has year: 2013

WholeSale14
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 25.0
has year: 2014

WholeSale15
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 25.0
has year: 2015

WholeSale16
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 26.6
has year: 2016

WholeSale17
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 26.58
has year: 2017

WholeSale18
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 17.75
has year: 2018

WholeSale19
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 16.2
has year: 2019

WholeSale20
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 16.49
has year: 2020

WholeSale21
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 25.89
has year: 2021

Wholesale97
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 7.7
has year: 1997

Wholesale98
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 9.200000001
has year: 1998

Wholesale99
type: NamedIndividual
type: Wholesale value
has wholesale value: 6.600000001
has year: 1999