Fish Traits Thesaurus LifeWatch Italy 2015-03-11 2017-03-17 12:32:51 en AbyssopelagicAbyssal Living or feeding in open waters at depths between 4,000 m and 7,000 m. 2017-02-07 12:39:47 Algivore Feeding on algae. 2017-02-06 12:52:56 AmbusherAmbush Predator Predators that wait for prey to come to them, and may or may not use a final pounce, traps or lures. 2017-02-12 18:31:19 Amphidromous Diadromous fishes whose migration from fresh water to the sea, or vice-versa, is not for the purpose of breeding, but occurs regularly at some other definite stage of life-cycling. Myers, G. S., 1949. doi: 10.2307/1438482 2017-02-07 10:41:39 Anadromous Diadromous fishes which spend most of their lives in the sea and migrate to fresh water to breed. Myers, G. S., 1949. doi: 10.2307/1438482 2017-02-07 10:32:49 Anal Fin DepthAFD Maximum distance from proximal to distal margin of the anal fin. Winemiller, 1991 doi: 10.2307/2937046 mm 2015-05-12 15:53:29 Anal Fin LengthAFL Distance between the anteriormost and posteriormost edges of the anal fin base, including the shortest first ray and the point where the fin membrane meets the body behind the last ray. This length is also called the length of the anal base. Holcik, J., 1989. The freshwater fishes of Europe, volume 1, part II. General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany. mm 2015-03-11 12:01:022015-05-11 09:26:33 Anguilliform The body is elongated laterally compressed with blunt heads and tapering or rounded tails (e.g. eels, loaches, gunnels). 2015-03-11 15:06:472015-05-12 10:41:05 Ash Free Dry WeightAFDWAsh Free Dry Mass The weight of fish organic material obtained as difference between the dry weight and the ash weight. Ash weight is determined after muffle furnace combustion at 450-500 °C for 6/12 hours or longer for larger quantities. Ash weight is determined by subtracting the tare weight. Ash weight is often expressed as a percentage of dry weight or wet weight. Schreck, C. B., Moyle, P. B., 1990. Methods for fish biology. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. g 2015-03-11 15:51:17 Ash WeightAsh Content The weight of fish inorganic material obtained after muffle furnace combustion at 450-500 °C for 6/12 hours or longer for larger quantities. Ash weight is determined by subtracting the tare weight. Ash weight is often expressed as a percentage of dry weight or wet weight. % 2015-03-11 15:53:48 Bacteriophagous A large proportion of food of the fish is represented by bacteria. Pavlov, D. S., & Kasumyan, A. O., 2002. Feeding diversity in fishes: trophic classification of fish. Journal of Ichthyology, 42(2), S137. 2017-02-13 09:49:11 Bathypelagic Living or feeding in open waters at depths between 1,000 and 4,000 m. 2017-02-07 14:39:45 Behavioural trait Any behavioural characteristic evolved by species allowing them to exploit the given combination of resources represented in their niche. Legendre et al., 1997. 2017-02-06 10:47:482017-02-08 15:57:57 Benthopelagic Living and feeding near the bottom as well as in midwaters or near the surface. 2017-02-07 14:45:55 BenthophagousBenthivorous Feeding on benthos.
2017-02-06 11:52:05 Biparental Care The female and the male co-operate in care of young. Smith, C., & Wootton, R. J., 2016. doi:10.1111/faf.12116 2017-02-20 11:29:52 Body ConditionFish condition The overall physiological status or health of an individual. Cone, R. S. 1989 doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1989)1182.3.CO 2017-02-06 09:49:36 Body DepthBD The greatest vertical distance along a straight line from the midline of the dorsal surface of the body to the midline of the ventral surface, excluding fins, fleshy structures, scales and scutes. Holcik, J., 1989. The freshwater fishes of Europe, volume 1, part II. General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany. mm 2015-03-11 15:30:38 Body LengthBL Referring to the length of a fish without specifying whether it was measured as total length, standard length or fork length.
mm 2015-03-11 15:32:53 Body Part Any measurable characteristic related to the external and internal structures of an organism. 2015-03-11 11:36:152017-01-17 14:49:33 Body Shape The approximate shape of an organism, described by considering the cross-section of fishes body. 2015-03-11 11:53:53 Body Size Morphological characteristic, easy to measure, conspicuous, ecologically important, related to the overall physical magnitude of an organism, comparable across taxa and extremely variable through time and space. Schmidt et al. 2006 doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.05.004 2015-03-11 11:57:242015-03-11 15:47:20 Body WeightBW Any measurable characteristic related to the body weight of an organism. ATOL:0000351 http://www.atol-ontology.com/index.php/fr/les-ontologies-fr/visualisation-fr g 2015-03-11 15:49:46 Body Width The maximum horizontal distance from side to side of the body, perpendicular to the axis along which depth is measured. mm 2015-03-11 16:31:56 Bottom-dwelling Dwelling on the bottom of a body of water. 2017-02-14 11:23:45 Carnivore Feeding on animal tissues. 2017-02-06 12:38:46 Catadromous Diadromous fishes which spend most of their lives in the fresh water and migrate to sea to breed. Myers, G. S., 1949. doi: 10.2307/1438482 2017-02-07 10:36:58 Cathemeral Active both day and night. Applied to an activity pattern in which an organism is irregularly active at any time of night and day, according to prevailing circustances. Definition 1: Schmitz, L., Wainwright, P. C., 2011 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-338 Definition 2: A dictionary of Zoology - Michael Allaby - Oxford University Press
https://books.google.it/books?id=GzZOCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT411&dq=cathemeral+fish&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijsK7R1IjUAhXDB8AKHeJBDEEQ6AEISzAH#v=onepage&q=cathemeral%20fish&f=false 2017-02-13 12:54:30 Caudal Fin Aspect RatioCFAR The aspect ratio of the caudal fin is calculated as the depth of the caudal fin squared, divided by the total fin surface (CFAR = CFD2/CFS) Pauly, D., 1989. A simple index of metabolic level in fishes. Fishbyte 7(1): 22.
2015-03-11 12:23:48 Caudal Fin DepthCFD Maximum vertical distance across the fully spread caudal fin. Winemiller, K.O., 1991 doi: 10.2307/2937046 mm 2015-03-11 12:19:55 Caudal Fin LengthCFL Maximum distance from proximal to distal margin of the caudal fin. Winemiller, 1991 doi: 10.2307/2937046 mm 2015-03-11 12:21:51 Caudal Fin SurfaceCFS Total surface area of caudal fin determined by image analysis system. mm2 2015-05-12 16:06:31 Cleaning Fish Feeding on exoparasites of other fish and damaged or dead tissues around wounds, mucus, and scales. Pavlov, D. S., & Kasumyan, A. O., 2002. Feeding diversity in fishes: trophic classification of fish. Journal of Ichthyology, 42(2), S137. 2017-02-13 10:18:56 Combination of Shapes The body presents different shapes as: coiled tail, head bent downward, "armor plating", mouth is trap-doorlike (e.g. Sea Horse, Sea Moth); or depressed head, very round body, compressed tail (e.g. Bullhead). Project Oceanography http://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/index.html 2015-03-11 15:01:21 Compressiform The body is laterally compressed (e.g. Angelfish, Filefish). Project Oceanography http://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/index.html 2015-03-11 15:03:052015-05-12 10:34:26 Crepuscular Active and performing most of its functions at dusk. Applied to organisms that are active at dusk. Definition 2: A dictionary of Zoology - Michael Allaby - Oxford Press University
https://books.google.it/books?id=GzZOCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT411&dq=cathemeral+fish&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijsK7R1IjUAhXDB8AKHeJBDEEQ6AEISzAH#v=onepage&q=crepuscular&f=false 2017-02-12 19:44:29 Degree of Parental Care Variation in investment in young after fertilization. 2017-02-12 16:13:00 Demersal Living on or near the bottom. 2017-02-07 12:44:05 Depressiform The body is dorso-ventrally depressed and flattened. Project Oceanography http://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/index.html 2015-03-11 15:05:562015-05-12 10:36:24 DetritivoreDetritophagousDetritus feedersDetrivourous Feeding on dead plant or animal matter. 2017-02-06 12:05:402017-02-06 12:26:10 Diadromous Truly migratory fishes which migrate between the sea and fresh water. Myers, G. S., 1949. doi: 10.2307/1438482 2017-02-07 10:27:38 Diel Activity Pattern Activity patterns of fishes related to changing light levels. 2017-02-09 14:55:012017-02-09 15:09:57 Diurnal Active by day, opposite of nocturnal. Applied to organisms that are active only in daylight. Definition 2: A dictionary of Zoology - Michael Allaby - Oxford Press University
https://books.google.it/books?id=GzZOCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT411&dq=cathemeral+fish&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijsK7R1IjUAhXDB8AKHeJBDEEQ6AEISzAH#v=onepage&q=diurnal&f=false 2017-02-09 14:56:49 Dorsal Fin DepthDFD Maximum distance from proximalto distal margin of the dorsal fin (excluding filaments). Winemiller, 1991 doi: 10.2307/2937046 2015-05-18 10:18:002016-12-16 14:27:10 Dorsal Fin LengthDFL Distance between the anteriormost and posteriormost edges of the dorsal fin base, including the shortest first ray and the point where the fin membrane meets the body behind the last ray. This length is also called the length of the dorsal base. Holcik, J., 1989. The freshwater fishes of Europe, volume 1, part II. General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany. mm 2015-03-11 12:25:57 Dry WeightDry MassDW The weight of a whole fish without internal water after drying in an oven at 60 °C for 12/24 hours. Schreck, C. B., Moyle, P. B., 1990. Methods for fish biology. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. g 2015-03-11 15:58:49 Ectoparasite Living on the outside of its host; opposite of endoparasite. 2017-02-13 12:00:27 Embryonic Development 2017-02-11 21:25:02 Endoparasite Living inside its host, either in its tissues or in the internal organs. 2017-02-13 12:02:00 Environment Migration A seasonal migration in order to remain within suitable environmental conditions. 2017-02-20 14:54:362017-02-20 14:57:45 Epipelagic Living or feeding on surface waters or at mid water to depths of 200 m. 2017-02-07 12:19:14 External Egg/sperm meet and fertilize externally to parental individuals, tissues or confines of their bodies, but within the fluid medium. 2017-02-20 14:18:09 Eye DiameterED The greatest distance between the margins of the orbit. mm 2015-03-11 12:29:19 Eye PositionEP Distance between the center of the eye to the bottom of the head. Villegér, S., Miranda, J.R., Hernandéz, D.F., Mouillot, D., 2010. http://esapubs.org/archive/appl/A020/056/appendix-A.htm mm 2015-03-11 12:32:392015-05-18 10:43:17 Feeding Complicated process involving a succession of separate behavioral stages or acts from the time that the individual receives information on the presence of food in its vinicity until the final decision to engulf it or reject it. Traits related to how an organism feeds, the food type and feeding method exhibited by a species. Pavlov, D. S., & Kasumyan, A. O., 1990. Sensory principles of the feeding behavior of fishes. Journal of Ichthyology, 30(6), 77-93. Definition 2 exact match http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/Feeding
2017-02-08 10:54:58 Feeding MethodFeeding BehaviourFeeding Habits A description of how the organism gathers food. 2017-02-10 15:44:11 Feeding Migration A seasonal migration for the purpose of following food or moving to suitable feeding grounds. 2017-02-20 14:51:11 Filiform The body is elongated and thin, thread-like (e.g. Snipe eel).
2015-03-11 15:07:54 Filter Feeder Using filtration to simultaneous capture of multiple prey items. 2017-02-12 19:17:43 Fish Trait A well-defined and measurable morphological, physiological, behavioral, ecological, or life-history expression of an individual organism’s adaptations to its environment that may also be regarded as a property of the taxon or population to which the individual belongs. Frimpong, E. A., Angermeier, P. L., 2010. Traitbased approaches in the analysis of stream fish communities. In Community ecology of stream fishes: concepts, approaches, and techniques. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 73: 109-136. 2015-03-11 11:16:32 Food Type Food regularly provided and consumed. 2017-02-06 10:50:582017-02-10 15:13:23 ForagerSearcher Active foragers that seek out prey usually of lower mobility (than themselves). 2017-02-15 10:35:06 Fork LengthFL Length of a fish from the tip of the snout to the end of the middle caudal fin rays.
mm 2015-03-11 15:35:31 Functional Trait Any morphological, physiological, behavioral trait, which impacts fish fitness.
2015-03-11 11:31:10 Fusiform The body is compressed at the sides and tapers more at the tail than at the head (e.g. Tuna, Salmon). Project Oceanography http://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/index.html 2015-03-11 15:09:04 Gill Raker LengthGill Raker Height Length from tip to base of the longest raker. Amundsen, P. A., et al., 2004. Gill raker morphology and feeding ecology of two sympatric morphs of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). In Annales Zoologici Fennici (pp. 291-300). Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board. mm 2017-02-09 10:55:222017-02-09 11:04:04 Gill Rakers Number Number of gill rakers (including rudiments) of the first left branchial arch. Amundsen, P. A., et al., 2004. Gill raker morphology and feeding ecology of two sympatric morphs of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). In Annales Zoologici Fennici (pp. 291-300). Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board. 2017-02-09 11:14:38 Globiform The body is almost round or globe-shaped (e.g. Lumpsuckers, Frogfish). 2015-03-11 15:09:45 Gonochoristic Having separate sexes, with no occurrence of hermaphroditism. Warner, R. R., 1988. doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(88)90176-0 2017-02-07 11:03:352017-02-12 16:00:42 GrazerGrazing fish Not pursuing or waiting for prey, main characteristic trait is the absence of precise localization and directed catching of individual food items.
Pavlov, D. S., & Kasumyan, A. O., 2002. Feeding diversity in fishes: trophic classification of fish. Journal of Ichthyology, 42(2), S137. 2017-02-08 11:18:222017-02-12 16:59:55 Gut LengthGuL Distance between pyloric sphincter and anus. It is strongly related to fish’s diet: grazing species must have a transit longer than that carnivorous species because of the lignin content of plant material. Montgomery, W.L., Pollak, P.E., 1988. Gut anatomy and pH in a Red Sea surgeonfish, Acanthurus nigrofuscus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 44: 7-13. mm 2015-03-11 12:35:18 Gut Length-Standard Length RatioGuL:SL Ratio between gut length and standard length of the organism. It ranges between 0.7 and 1.0 for carnivorous fishes, while it is higher than 1.0 for herbivorous fishes. Dumay, O., 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00365.x. 2015-06-15 12:03:06 Head DepthHD Vertical distance from dorsum to ventrum passing trough the centre of the eye. Winemiller K.O., 1991 http://www.jstor.org/stable/2937046 mm 2015-03-11 12:37:20 Head LengthHL Distance from tip of the snout to the furthest bony edge of the operculum. Kramer B. and Wink M., 2013 doi: 10.1080/00222933.2013.798699. mm 2015-03-11 12:39:42 Hermaphrodite Individual producing mature gametes of both sexes during his lifetime. Sadovy, Y., & Shapiro, D. Y., 1987. Criteria for the diagnosis of hermaphroditism in fishes. Copeia, 136-156. 2017-02-08 12:34:22 Insectivore Feeding only or mostly on insects and their larvae. 2017-02-06 12:46:15 Internal The male introduces the spermatozoa into gonoduct of female, using an intromittent organ. Wourms, J.P., 1981. doi: 10.1093/icb/21.2.473 2017-02-20 12:50:20 Invertivore Feeding on insects, mollusks, and crustaceans. Grabarkiewicz, J. D., & Davis, W. S., 2008. An introduction to freshwater fishes as biological indicators. US Environmental Protection Angecy, Office of Environmental. 2017-02-28 09:54:42 Iteroparous Breeding several times per lifetime. 2017-02-08 12:11:31 Leptocephalii The body is laterally compressed with slim head (e.g. larval eels). 2015-03-11 15:10:26 Life History Trait Any trait that describe the life history characteristics of an organism. 2017-02-11 17:01:322017-02-11 22:16:23 Maternal CareFemale-only Care The female takes care of the developing eggs. Smith, C., & Wootton, R. J., 2016. doi: 10.1111/faf.12116 2017-02-20 11:34:49 Mesopelagic Living or feeding at midwater at depths between 200 m and 1,000 m. 2017-02-07 12:25:28 Migration The displacement of the individual in space, produced by the selection and by tracking of optimal conditions through time and space, and the use of predictive information about environmental structure. Dodson, J. J., 1988. doi:10.1007/BF00004908 2017-02-06 13:06:37 Mode of ReproductionGender System The production by an organism of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism. 2017-02-11 22:06:112017-02-12 09:42:38 Morphological Trait Any measurable morphological characteristic of individual organisms, which is relatively simple to measure, easily observable and with a potentially well-defined relation to physiology and ecology. 2015-03-11 11:33:04 Mouth DepthMD Vertical distance measured inside of fully open mouth at tallest point. Winemiller, K.O., 1991 doi: 10.2307/2937046 mm 2015-03-11 12:41:372015-05-18 11:43:27 Mouth OrientationMO Mouth position is coded as 1 for superior (imaginary vertical plan tangent to both upper and lower jaws with mouth closed between 10°-80°), coded as 2 for terminal (tangent plane at about 90°), coded as 3 for inferior (tangent plane between 100° and 170°), and coded as 4 for bottom (tangent plan at about 180°). Winemiller, K.O., 1991 doi: 10.2307/2937046. 2015-03-11 12:48:372015-05-18 11:55:39 Mouth Width Horizontal distance measured inside of fully open mouth at widest point. Winemiller, K.O., 1991 doi: 10.2307/2937046. mm 2015-05-18 11:47:33 Movement Traits relating to the movement of the species. 2017-02-15 11:07:42 No Care Adult does not provide parental care to its offspring. 2017-02-12 16:21:54 Nocturnal Active and performing most of its functions at night. Applied to organisms that are active only at night. Definition 2: A dictionary of Zoology - Michael Allaby - Oxford Press University
https://books.google.it/books?id=GzZOCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT411&dq=cathemeral+fish&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijsK7R1IjUAhXDB8AKHeJBDEEQ6AEISzAH#v=onepage&q=diurnal&f=false 2017-02-09 15:05:45 Non-migratoryResident Spending most of their life and feed for a prolonged time within their own territory, not leaving it even for a short time. Pavlov, D. S., & Kasumyan, A. O., 2002. Feeding diversity in fishes: trophic classification of fish. Journal of Ichthyology, 42(2), S137. 2017-02-12 16:36:572017-02-12 19:41:24 Oceanodromous Truly migratory fishes which live and migrate wholly in the sea. Myers, G. S., 1949. doi: 10.2307/1438482 2017-02-07 10:20:40 OmnivoreOmnivorous Feeding on both plant and animal material. 2017-02-09 11:35:54 Oviparous Developing embryos outside the ovary, eggs are released at spawning. Murua, H., & Saborido-Rey, F., 2003. Female reproductive strategies of marine fish species of the North Atlantic. Journal of Northwest Atlantic fishery science, 33(1), 23-31. 2017-02-08 12:18:42 Ovoviviparous Developing embryos inside the ovary, embryos or larvae are released at spawning. Murua, H., & Saborido-Rey, F., 2003. Female reproductive strategies of marine fish species of the North Atlantic. Journal of Northwest Atlantic fishery science, 33(1), 23-31. 2017-02-08 12:24:28 Parasite Living and feeding in or on another organism to the detriment of that organism. 2017-02-08 11:22:132017-02-12 17:21:44 Parental Care Investment into offspring after fertilization, ranges from simple burial of eggs to internal gestation and livebearing. Gross, M. R., & Sargent, R. C., 1985. The evolution of male and female parental care in fishes. American Zoologist, 25(3), 807-822. 2017-02-07 11:52:462017-02-12 16:28:38 Paternal CareMale-only Care The male cares for one o more clutches of fertilized eggs. Smith, C., & Wootton, R. J., 2016. doi: 10.1111/faf.12116 2017-02-20 11:40:04 Pectoral Fin Aspect RatioPFAR The aspect ratio of the pectoral fin is calculated as the length of the leading edge squared, divided by the total fin surface. Binning et al., 2015 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121983 2015-03-11 12:57:12 Pectoral Fin DepthPFD Maximum vertical distance across the fully spread pectoral fin. Winemiller K. O., 1991 http://www.jstor.org/stable/2937046 mm 2015-03-11 12:51:08 Pectoral Fin LengthPFL The distance from the base of the outermost or anteriormost ray to the most distant tip of the pectoral fin.
Holcik, J., 1989. The freshwater fishes of Europe, volume 1, part II. General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany. mm 2015-03-11 12:53:05 Pectoral Fin SurfacePFS Total surface area of pectoral fin determined by image analysis system. mm2 2015-06-15 16:01:05 Peduncle Caudal DepthCPD The least vertical distance across the caudal peduncle. Kramer B. and Wink M., 2013 doi: 10.1080/00222933.2013.798699. mm 2015-03-11 12:59:33 Peduncle Caudal LengthCPL The distance from the end of anal fin base to the midbase of caudal fin. Kramer B. and Wink M., 2013 doi: 10.1080/00222933.2013.798699. mm 2015-03-11 14:28:13 Pelagic Inhabiting the water column (not near the bottom or the shore) of coasts, open oceans, and lakes. http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/pelagic.html 2017-02-07 12:06:45 Pelvic Fin LengthPEFL Maximum distance from proximal to distal of the anal fin. Winemiller, 1991 doi: 10.2307/2937046 mm 2015-03-11 14:30:35 Physiological Trait Any trait involving biochemical processes consistent with the normal functioning of an organism. 2017-02-10 12:42:56 PhytivorousPhytophagous Feeding on plants or herbage. 2017-02-06 12:55:11 Phytoplanktophagous Eating and digesting blue-green algae. 2017-02-06 11:28:50 PiscivoreIchthyophagousPiscivourous Carnivourous fish consuming primarily fish prey. Juanes, F., et al., 2002. 12 Feeding Ecology of Piscivorous Fishes. Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries: Fish Biology, 267. 2017-02-06 12:41:30 Place of FertilizationModes of fertilization Description of the location of fertilization. 2017-02-20 12:04:08 PlanktivorePlanktivorousPlanktophagousPlanktotrophic Feeding at least in part on materials captured from the plankton. Barnes, R. S. K., et al., 1993. The invertebrates: a new synthesis (No. Ed. 2). Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd. 2017-02-06 11:23:29 Potamodromous Truly migratory fishes whose migrations occur wholly within fresh water. Myers, G. S., 1949. doi: 10.2307/1438482 2017-02-07 10:05:07 Preanal LengthPAL Distance from the tip of snout to the anal fin origin. Kramer, B., Wink, M., 2013 doi: 10.1080/00222933.2013.798699. mm 2015-03-11 14:32:18 PredatorHunter Actively searching and pursuing the prey, using specific behavior tactics to overcome the defense adaptation of the prey species. Pavlov, D. S., & Kasumyan, A. O., 2002. Feeding diversity in fishes: trophic classification of fish. Journal of Ichthyology, 42(2), S137. 2017-02-08 10:59:572017-02-12 16:49:25 Predorsal LengthPDL Distance from the tip of snout (excluding mental lobe or chin) to the dorsal fin origin. Kramer, B., Wink, M., 2013 doi: 10.1080/00222933.2013.798699. mm 2015-03-11 14:36:41 Protandrous Hermaphrodites differentiate first as males and later change to females.
Francis, R. C., 1992. doi: 10.1086/417445 2017-02-08 12:57:28 Protogynous Hermaphrodites differentiate first as females and later become males.
Francis, R. C., 1992. doi: 10.1086/417445 2017-02-08 12:46:53 Pursuing Predator An organism that chases after, catches and subdues mobile prey. 2017-02-12 18:56:18 Reproductive FrequencySpawning Dynamics Number of breeding opportunities for the lifetime of fish. 2017-02-11 21:07:41 Sagittiform The body is elongated tubular and arrow-shaped (e.g. Pikes, Gars, Needlefish). 2015-03-11 15:11:24 SchoolingPolarized school Aggregations of individuals with constancy in orientation, synchronization of speed and direction of movement. Shaw, E., 1960. doi: 10.1086/physzool.33.2.30152296 2017-02-08 11:40:07 Seasonal Activity Pattern 2017-02-12 19:50:35 Seasonal Migration Movements that result in an alternation between two or more separate habitats, occurring with a regular periodicity within an individual’s lifetime. Lucas, M., & Baras, E., 2008. Migration of freshwater fishes. John Wiley & Sons. 2017-02-15 12:03:02 Semelparous Breeding once per lifetime, or breeding only once then dying. Barnes R.S.K., et al., 2006. The invertebrates: a new synthesis, Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. 2017-02-08 12:08:15 Semipelagic Spending part of their life on the bottom and part in the water column above. 2017-02-07 14:50:09 Sequential Hermaphrodite Hermaphrodite in which the male and female organs mature (that is produce gametes) at different times in the reproductive cycle. Lincoln, R., et al., 1998. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press. 2017-02-08 12:42:282017-02-11 22:10:18 ShoalingSocial aggregation Social assembly: tendency for fish to remain together. 2017-02-08 11:28:01 Simultaneous Hermaphrodite Capable of functioning as both sexes at the same time. Warner, R. R., ,1988. doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(88)90176-0 2017-02-08 12:38:12 Snout LengthSnoL Distance from the tip of the snout or anteriormost margin of the upper lip (with mouth closed) to the front margin of the orbit. In Clupeids this distance is measured from the tip of lower jaw when the mouth is closed.
Holcik, J., 1989. The freshwater fishes of Europe, volume 1, part II. General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany. mm 2015-03-11 14:40:48 Sociability Traits that describe an organism's behavioural interactions with members of the same species. 2017-02-10 15:02:59 Solitary Living alone, not gregarious. 2017-02-12 19:54:49 Spawning Migration Movement of individual fish from non-spawning to spawning site. 2017-02-20 14:42:17 Standard LengthSL Length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the last vertebra or to the posterior end of the midlateral portion of the hypural plate. Simply put, this measurement excludes the length of the caudal fin. mm 2015-03-11 15:38:28 Summer Maximum of Activity The maximum of activity predominantly during the summer. 2017-02-14 10:35:58 Taeniform The body is elongated, compressed and deep-bodied, ribbon-like (e.g. ribbon fishes, oarfishes). 2015-03-11 15:24:47 Territoriality Attachment to a particular site and hostility towards conspecies. Robertson, D. R., & Choat, J. H. (1974). Protogynous hermaphroditism and social systems in labrid fish. In Proceedings of the second international symposium on coral reefs (Vol. 1, pp. 217-225). 2017-02-07 11:16:39 Total LengthTL Total length is the distance between the most anteriorly projecting part of the head (jaws closed) and the most distant tip of the caudal fin. In Europe for measurement the caudal fin has to be spread into a natural position; i.e., the two lobes of fishes with a forked tail fin are not pressed together. Holcik, J., 1989. The freshwater fishes of Europe, volume 1, part II. General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany. mm 2015-03-11 15:40:44 Trait Any measurable or observable characteristic of an organism. 2015-03-11 11:15:01 Water Body Position Position of fishes into specific zones according to ecological parameters. 2017-02-09 14:31:062017-02-14 12:00:05 Wet WeightWet MassWW The weight of a whole fresh fish.
g 2015-03-11 16:01:04 Winter Maximum of Activity The maximum of activity predominantly during the winter. 2017-02-14 10:48:32 Zooplanktophagous Feeding on zooplankton. 2017-02-06 11:41:45